柬埔寨國情簡介 Introduction to Cambodia

柬埔寨國情簡介

位置：柬埔寨位於中南半島南邊，北與寮國交界，西北與泰國接壤，東南與越南為鄰，南向暹羅灣與馬來西亞相望。

地理：為碟狀盆地，三面丘陵山脈環繞，中央為廣闊富庶平原，由湄公河及其支流沖積而成，占全國面積3/4。國土中心洞裡薩湖，湄公河貫穿南北。洞裡薩湖（又稱金邊湖）是東南亞最大淡水湖，柬國人民飲食重要來源。湄公河是東南亞「母親之河」，源自中國瀾滄江，流經東南亞五國(緬、寮、泰、柬、越)，流入南中國海。

面積：181,035平方公里。行政區：20省4直轄市。氣候：熱帶雨林。季節：雨旱兩季，5~10月雨季，11~4月旱季。溫度：25~32均溫28度，炎熱，無颱風、地震。

Introduction to Cambodia

Location: Cambodia is located in the south of the Indochina Peninsula, bordering Laos to the north, Thailand to the northwest, Vietnam to the southeast, and Malaysia to the Gulf of Siam to the south.

Geography: It is a dish-shaped basin, surrounded by hills and mountains on three sides, and a vast and rich plain in the center, formed by the alluvial flow of the Mekong River and its tributaries, accounting for 3/4 of the country's area. The center of the land is Tonle Sap Lake, and the Mekong River runs through the north and south. Tonle Sap Lake (also known as Phnom Penh Lake) is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia and an important source of diet for the Cambodian people. The Mekong River is the "Mother River" in Southeast Asia. It originates from the Lancang River in China, flows through five countries in Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam) and flows into the South China Sea.

Area: 181,035 square kilometers. Administrative regions: 20 provinces and 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government. Climate: Tropical Rainforest. Season: rainy and dry seasons, rainy season from May to October and dry season from November to April. Temperature: 25~32, the average temperature is 28 degrees, hot, no typhoon, earthquake.

二.人文宗教

人口：1570萬(2015)。首都：金邊(Phnom Penh)位湄公河、洞裡薩河匯合處。人口：約220萬。面積：376 km2，9個行政區。都市計劃:擴大30公里目標面積倍增至678km2，人口倍增至500萬。重要城市：世界七大奇觀文化古蹟吳哥窟：暹粒，第一大港：西哈努克。第二大城：馬德望。                      

種族：高棉族90%，外僑越僑5%、華僑1%。            

國旗：象徵民族、宗教、國王。藍條紋代表王室皇室。紅色條紋代表國家。白色寺廟代表國家的宗教。

語言：高棉語為官方語言。柬語、華語、英語為三大語言。華人大都潮州人後代，講潮州話法國因長期殖民，法語曾經是第二大語言，現已不普遍。近來經濟進步，英語日語韓語很受歡迎。                 

人民：千年貧窮、戰爭因素與醫療體系不發達，人均壽命56歲。「人口紅利」、年輕化，15~64歲佔64%，65歲以上佔3.8%。就業人口：全國勞動人口約945萬，85%農業人口。都市失業人口多，就業困難。農村大量人力等待釋出，勞力供應不虞匱乏。因經濟發展與教育訓練長期中斷，技術工人及管理人員嚴重不足。

教育程度：成人識字率約68%，其中4%高中畢業，0.8%高中以上學歷。

宗教信仰：小乘佛教者佔全國人口90%，華僑信仰大乘佛教，天主教大部份越南裔，占族與馬來人多信仰回教。民族性：佛教信仰溫和善良民風純樸。華裔社經地位高，相較越南不排華。

2. Humanities and Religion

Population: 15.7 million (2015). Capital: Phnom Penh (Phnom Penh) is located at the confluence of the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap River. Population: about 2.2 million. Area: 376 km2, 9 administrative districts (there are currently 12 administrative districts). Urban plan: expand 30 kilometers, the target area doubles to 678km2, and the population doubles to 5 million. Important cities: the seven wonders of the world cultural heritage Angkor Wat: Siem Reap, the largest port: Sihanoukville. The second largest city: Battambang.

Ethnicity: Khmer 90%, foreigners 5% Vietnamese, 1% overseas Chinese.

National flag: symbolizes nation, religion, king. The blue stripe represents royal royalty. The red stripes represent countries. White temples represent the religion of the country.

Language: Khmer is the official language. Cambodian, Chinese and English are the three major languages. Most of the Chinese are descendants of Teochew people, who speak Teochew dialect due to long-term French colonization. French used to be the second most spoken language, but it is not common anymore. With the recent economic progress, English, Japanese, and Korean are very popular.

People: Millennium poverty, war factors and underdeveloped medical system, average life expectancy is 56 years. "Demographic dividend" and younger age, 64% are 15-64 years old, and 3.8% are over 65 years old. Employed population: The national working population is about 9.45 million, 85% of which are agricultural population. There are many unemployed people in the city, and it is difficult to find employment. A large amount of manpower in rural areas is waiting to be released, and there is no shortage of labor supply. Due to the long-term interruption of economic development and education and training, there is a serious shortage of skilled workers and management personnel.

Education level: The adult literacy rate is about 68%, of which 4% graduated from high school and 0.8% have a high school education or above.

Religious Beliefs: Theravada Buddhists account for 90% of the country's population. Overseas Chinese believe in Mahayana Buddhism. Most of the Catholics are Vietnamese. Most of the Chams and Malays believe in Islam. Nationality: The Buddhist belief is mild and kind, and the folk customs are simple. The socio-economic status of Chinese is high, and they are not anti-Chinese compared to Vietnam.

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